What brought the recent meeting of Donald Trump and Ursula von der Leyen concerning trade between EU and US? Was it a deal, or was it just another misunderstanding between the two trading partners? Anyway whatever it was, it resulted in chaos and confusion. That is not untypical for negotiations when Trump is involved, as with all so-called deals. Also, his actions inside the US government result in chaos. And perhaps the European Commission was just happy to have any kind of agreement - and I could share their eagerness to have any sort of agreement with which one could move on. But the question remains whereto can Europe move on now.
ZURÜCK ZUM GEIST VON 1975?
Am 1. August 1975, also vor 50 Jahren wurde in Helsinki ein Abkommen geschlossen, das eine Zeitenwende in Europa begründende, die sogenannten Helsinki Schlussakte. Den Begriff Zeitenwende hatte der ehemalige deutsche Bundeskanzler in die geo-politische Debatte nach dem russischen Einmarsch in die Ukraine am 24.2.2022 eingebracht. Er sollte anzeigen, dass der Krieg nach Europa zurückgekehrt ist und Europa sich wieder auf verstärkte Rüstungsausgaben einstellen muss. 1975 war es umgekehrt. Die davor und parallel zu den Vorbereitungen zur Konferenz von Helsinki geführten Gespräche zwischen Ost und West, insbesondere zwischen den Amerikanern und den „Russen“ (der Sowjetunion) führten zur Abrüstung und der Verständigung über sicherheitspolitische Fragen.
GAZA, GENOCIDE, AND THE WEIGHT OF WORDS: WHY THE GENOCIDE DEBATE BOTH MATTERS—AND MISSES THE POINT
This blog is a reflection—both personal and political—on why the question of genocide in Gaza, while legally and symbolically important, can also risk distracting us from the devastating and ongoing violence against civilians, and why our collective gaze must widen beyond selective outrage. This should not divert attention from the fact that hostages are still held in Gaza, with their families desperately seeking their return; that the suffering of survivors of the October 7th attack continues; and that the trauma rooted in historic injustices against Jews remains very much alive. It should also not detract from the reality that antisemitism is on the rise. While these are deeply important issues, this blog does not focus on them directly, but rather on the broader legal and humanitarian dimensions of the conflict.
GENOCIDE: FROM SREBRENICA TO GAZA?
Already for many years, but in particular since the vicious attack of Hamas on October 7th, there is a lively debate amongst Jewish experts about how to define the many punitive actions of the Israeli government and the Israeli Defence Forces I.D.F. against Palestinian militant groups and the general population. Are these actions and especially the reactions to the brutal Hamas killings and hostage-takings justified and measured reactions or are they of a genocidal character? In addition some ask if it is even possible, that Israel can be accused of committing war crimes and especially a genocide due to its founding out of the Holocaust.
ZEITENWENDEN IN EUROPE: 1975 AND AFTER
When Olav Scholz, the short term German Chancellor, used the expression „Zeitenwende“ to describe the European world after the Russian invasion into Ukraine he probably did not expect, that this expression would find its place in many political comments and analytical articles from then on. Of course different Zeitenwenden cannot be related exactly to certain moments, they have their preparations and roots in the years before the actual turning points. But they mark and symbolize the beginning of a new area.
WAHNSINNIGE ZEITEN: GEWALT STATT RECHT*
Das Internationale Recht bleibt dann auf der Strecke. Erschreckend ist, dass sogar international anerkannte politische Analysten, insbesondere wenn es um Israels Militärschlag gegen den Iran geht, das Völkerrecht keine Rolle spielt. Dabei ist ebenso klar, dass auch die politische Führung des Irans - neben einer die Menschenrechte verletzenden Innenpolitik- auch eindeutige gegen die Prinzipen des Völkerrechts verstößt. An der iranischen Innen- bzw. Außenpolitik gibt es nichts zu beschönigen. Aber gerade der auf die internationale, regelbasierte Ordnung pochende Westen sollte mit dem internationale Recht nicht leichtfertig umgehen und es in eine Schublade verbannen.
NATO SUMMIT 2025: MORE QUESTIONS THAN ANSWERS
The recent NATO summit was hailed as a success, especially by its Secretary General and Donald Trump! As different as they are, both rely heavily on efficient public relations. As the Washington Post titled on June 26th: “Trump embraces NATO over vows to surge spending – Summit tailor made to please President”! This was primarily a success of Mark Rutte’s diplomacy. We will see how long that support for NATO by Trump will hold.
ISRAEL AT WAR WITH IRAN
The unilateral attack Israel’s against Iran is a gross violation of international law. Unfortunately the present Israeli government is generally not very keen on respecting international and international humanitarian law as we can see also by the way the government is reacting to the vicious attack of Hamas. And Israel’s government is joined by the Trump government, which is no human rights fan either. And unfortunately, many Western comments disregard the question of the - legal - legitimacy of the Israeli attack as well.
FOR PEACE IN EUROPE ANOTHER HELSINKI CONFERENCE?
Again and again the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe - held in Summer 1975 in Helsinki - is cited as an example for how we could end the Ukraine conflict and regain peace, security and cooperation in Europe. But to be sincere, we have to have a more detailed look at the conditions which led to the decisions and agreements in Helsinki.
GESCHICHTE - LITERATUR - POLITIK AUS GESCHICHTE(N) LERNEN
Die italienische Schriftstellerin Francesca Melandri erhielt kürzlich den „Bruno Kreisky Preis für das politische Buch“. Dabei stellt sich die Frage inwieweit ein Roman ein politisches Buch sein kann und inwiefern wir daraus etwas für die aktuelle Politik lernen können. Vielleicht aber ist es sogar leichter aus Romanen, also Geschichten als aus der in Schulen und Universitäten vorgetragenen Geschichte zu erlernen. Denn diese schildern die Vergangenheit plastischer und differenzierter und weniger dogmatischer. Jedenfalls ist das bei Francesca Melandri der Fall. Ich habe daher versucht in meiner Laudatio auf diese Art der Darstellung hinzuweisen und den Vorzug einer solchen Darstellung der Geschichte zu unterstreichen.