After the military takeover of Nagorno-Karabakh by Azerbaijan in September 2023 and the forced displacement of the Armenians who lived there, there were hopes in Armenia and abroad that an Armenia-Azerbaijan peace agreement was within reach.
Kürzlich fanden in Fresach in Kärnten die 12. Europäischen Toleranzgespräche statt. Wenige Wochen vor dem 100. Geburtstag der – allerdings schon mit 47 Jahren verstorbenen – großen österreichischen Schriftstellerin Ingeborg Bachmann fanden die Diskussionen unter dem Titel „Widerstand und/mit/aus Verantwortung“ statt. Bachmann hat in ihren Romanen, Essays, Reden etc. die Nachkriegszeit schonungslos analysiert und seziert. Gegen viele Konventionen hat sie Widerstand geleistet aber immer mit Verantwortung für das Ganze. In meiner – hier veröffentlichten – Eröffnungsrede betonte ich die Notwendigkeit, bei und im Widerstand nie das Ziel einer gerechten und für alle Chancen bietenden Gesellschaft aus den Augen zu verlieren. Und es geht auch um den Beitrag des Widerstands zum Frieden sowohl im Inneren als auch zwischen Staaten.
“We Will Find You and We Will Kill You.” This is precisely the quote President Donald J. Trump concludes the presidential foreword of his 2026 Counterterrorism Strategy with. Introduced in May of this year, this strategy is supposed to be the solution to all terror threats the United States are currently facing – after years of Biden’s “borderless” policies that allegedly fostered “left-wing sentiments.”
Since the success of the Iranian revolution under the leadership of Ayatollah Khomeini, Iran’s political activities became a divisive issue for the region. Iran’s combination of its nuclear aspiration with its continuous threats against Israel, its interference in foreign countries especially in Lebanon, and, later, with its support—together with Russia—of the Assad regime in Syria characterized a revolutionary and aggressive foreign policy. One must understand that it is that particular mix of aggressive elements of its foreign policy, in combination with its efforts to come as close as possible to acquiring nuclear weapons, which created or at least enhanced tensions and fears amidst the Middle East.
The South Caucasus has entered one of the most consequential periods in its modern history. After decades of armed confrontation, Armenia and Azerbaijan are engaged in an unprecedented normalization process that has raised realistic expectations for a formal peace treaty. At the same time, however, the region finds itself surrounded by escalating geopolitical turbulence - from instability involving Iran to broader disruptions across the Middle East and Eurasian transport routes. These developments place the South Caucasus at the intersection of peacebuilding, strategic trade competition, and regional security risks. While new opportunities are emerging, so too are vulnerabilities that could influence the implementation of Armenian-Azerbaijani peace and the future of the Middle Corridor.
How can and should we define culture when we are discussing its possible contribution to the European project? Culture—and especially the arts like movies, theater performances, novels, visual arts, community projects—should not be forced to take the one or the other form of expression. Art must be free to limit itself to bring enjoyment and pleasure to the people. But in relations to our subject, we should use a definition of culture as a generally open-minded, often ambivalent, extravagant and even provocative contribution to forming and transforming society. Culture is in this respect closely linked to the arts and we should be aware, that it is also an elitist ‘project’. Even as it has an elitist background, it can be presented and used to win the attention and support of a wider public and by this have an important political effect.
