The IIP and Act.Now organised - following up on the 4th International Conference NOW on “African Youth and Migration” from September 3-5, 2017 in Kampala, Uganda and a series of Africa-Workshops and public debates organised by the Bruno Kreisky Forum, the VIDC and the IFK from 2016-2017 - a panel discussion on the topic Agents of Change. African Youth Between Narratives and Realities.

Since 2015, when the then current influx of refugees reached its climax in Europe, no other topic was discussed as intensively and as ambiguously than migration and flight.  From 29-30 November 2017, the heads of states and governments of the African Union and the EU will meet in Cote d’Ivoire to discuss common challenges and opportunities. This year’s topic of the AU-EU summit is “Investing in the youth for a sustainable future”. With the world’s largest population under 18, Africa is the youngest continent. African youth, however, is very active, they see themselves as agents of change. Migration, also within Africa, is seen as possibility to gain education and professional know-how, just like many European students profit from exchange programs.  The experience of wars, famines, demographic growth, repressive regimes and the lack of job opportunities are substantially challenging Africa’s youth. Empowerment of the African youth to improve economic and social development but also good governance and democracy in their home countries is essential and likewise the change of the current narrative on migration.

These topics have been discussed between Victor Ochen from Uganda, Hannes Swoboda, Muna Duzdar, Ana Kalin and Youssouf Diakité under the moderation of Rita Isiba.

Africa's youngest Nobel Peace Prize Nominee, Victor Ochen, was invited to an afternoon talk around youth empowerment, migration and conflict prevention at the United Nations in Vienna. 

The International Institute for Peace as part of the Platform for Dialogue and Conflict Resolution in Ukraine organized, together with the partner organizations, a Ukraine themed week in December. Therefore various experts were invited on the 11th December 2017 into the facilities of the IIP to figure out the Ukraine’s conflict status quo,  and based on the finding how the situation will evolve in the near future. 

With an estimated number of 250.000 children, the issue of child soldier recruitment continues to be a problem of high importance. Junior Nzita used to be one of those children fighting and killing with weapons for purposes they never knew. Fortunately he managed to escape the children’s army in DRC and is now running an NGO, which is trying to give perspectives to children other than serving to the weapon. In his position as a UN ambassador he tries bringing together the international community for ostracizing child soldier recruitment.

On 20 October 2017 the International Institute for Peace organized a gathering of experts to discuss the current security situation on the Korean Peninsula as well as the policies of South Korea’s new government towards the regime in the North.

In February 2016, as a consequence of the activation of the mutual defence clause of France after the ruthless terrorist attacks in Paris, the International Institute for Peace (IIP) and the Karl-Renner-Institute organised a conference in Vienna dealing with the topic of military interventions and EU-solidarity. In the aftermath, the IIP published an anthology which tries to tackle different issues in the framework of military interventions from various perspectives, which is available now.

Armed interventions in domestic conflicts have been named as ultima ratio in the last years in order to fulfil the International Responsibility to Protect (R2P) or the right of self-defence. There is to differ between UN-mandated and therefore legitimate interventions and uni- or multilateral interventions, which we can observe momentarily in Syria, where France, Great Britain and the USA are continuing the so called “War against terror”, which already started in Afghanistan in 2001. However, the questions of the reasonability, efficiency and extent of those interventions are at the very core of the discussion. 

Which intentions are eventually leading to an armed intervention and on which theoretical and judicial basis is it exercised? Who is realizing them and which purposes are behind them? Which impacts did military interventions have in the past and which possibilities do states, like e.g. the neutral Austria or alliances such as EU and NATO have in or outside of such intervention-coalitions? When is an intervention seen as efficient and effective and sustainable? Can those interventions, as a consequence, lead to obligations of solidarity within the European Union and if so, to what kind of obligations? Which role did Europe have in this regard, which consequences did this interventionism have and is there a difference between legality and legitimacy in international relations?

About the book:

Authors from different scientific disciplines and countries as well as journalists and practitioners are addressing various questions with regard to the legitimacy, efficiency, extent and practices of military interventions from several perspectives.

Die Entscheidung der britischen Bevölkerung, die EU zu verlassen, hat die Union in eine Krise gestürzt. Während die EU und Großbritannien verhandeln, ist nur eines sicher – die nächsten Monate werden von großer Unsicherheit und einem intensiven Nachdenken über die Folgen von Brexit geprägt sein. Die Podiumsdiskussion erörtert mögliche Folgen von Brexit für Europas Beziehungen mit der Welt: Wie entwickeln sich die Beziehungen zwischen den USA und Europa? Wird sich die Rolle der EU in Regionen wie dem Westbalkan und dem Nahen Osten nach dem Brexit verändern? Welche Folgen wird es für die europäische Außen-, Erweiterungs- und Nachbarschaftspolitik geben?

In his speech in Prague in April 2009 US-President Obama presented the vision of a world without nuclear weapons. What are the options for the US Administration under President Trump regarding nuclear weapons?

Recent developments might have an impact on US-European security relations: The Preparatory Committee for the Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) held its first session in May 2017 in Vienna. Two more will take place prior to the 2020 Review Conference, which will discuss the implementation of the NPT. Currently UN negotiations are taking place on a treaty to prohibit nuclear weapons under international law. This first negotiation session showed that the 132 participating countries share a vision for a world without nuclear weapons. Austria was one of the initiators of this process and remains a strong supporter.

Other issues important for US- European relations are the link between talks on conventional arms (CFE) taking place within the framework of the OSCE in Vienna and nuclear disarmament, as well as the future of the 2015 Vienna Agreement “Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action” (JCPOA) with Iran after the Iranian elections.

After a rather tumultuous start, the Trump administration seems to face a shift in several key areas, especially when we consider the foreign policy. The escalation with North-Korea, the attitude towards Russia or the intervention in Syria and Afghanistan not only illustrate a certain continuity with Obama´s policy, but rather a determined implementation of it. Almost 100 days after the beginning of Donald Trump´s presidency, a panel of experts will discuss about the new U.S. foreign policy and its consequences on the European Union and on key regions such as the Middle East or the Balkans.

Trade and economic exchange between Western Ukraine and the non-government controlled areas have come to a halt, which resulted in a situation of economic deprivation of the people in the non-government controlled areas. At the same time, the trade unions in Donetsk and Luhansk/Lugansk separated from the Ukrainian trade unions. Former trade union colleagues do not have official contact anymore.